Measurement of thermophysical properties of binary system of (water + ascorbic acid) and ternary systems of (water + ascorbic acid + glycerol) and (water + ascorbic acid + D-sorbitol) at T = 293.15 K to 323.15 K and atmospheric pressure

Ascorbic acid, d-sorbitol, and glycerol are used as important food additives. In this research work, the thermophysical properties (viscosities and refractive indices) of binary solution of (water + ascorbic acid) and ternary solutions of [(water + ascorbic acid + glycerol)] and [(water + ascorbic acid + D-sorbitol)] were measured in different mass fractions of ascorbic acid (0.03 to 0.21) at temperatures (T = 293.15, 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15) K and atmospheric pressure. For mixtures of this study, the experimental values of viscosity and refractive index increase by increasing solute concentration and decrease by temperature growth. The experimental values of viscosity were correlated with the Jones-Dole and Kampmeyer-Girifalco equations. Also, the experimental values of refractive index were correlated with a semi-empirical equation which its constant, Kr, was suggested and introduced by Koohyar in 2018. Finally, derived thermodynamic properties (change of refractive index on mixing, Δn_D, and activation energy for viscous flow, E_a(vis)) were obtained using refractive index and viscosity data. The obtained data were applied for investigation on interaction between solute and solvent molecules in studied mixtures of this research work.