Modeling of hybrid nanofluid behavior within a permeable media involving buoyancy effect

In current report, hybrid nanofluid free convection within a permeable media has been modeled via CVFEM including magnetic effect. To obtain the momentum equations, permeability​ was involved via Non-Darcy model. Hybrid nanoparticle (Fe₃O₄+MWCNT) with base fluid of water has been considered. Source term of radiation impact was incorporated. To obtain various outcomes, influences of Darcy number, magnetic force, radiation parameter and Rayleigh number on nanomaterial behavior have been implemented. Outcomes illustrated that average Nusselt number enhance significantly with both Rayleigh and Darcy number as well as thermal radiation, however it decrease with Hartmann number and Darcy number affect significantly the velocity profile for the Hybrid nanofluid.